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The Chinese steel industry has strongly condemned a US move to slap preliminary anti-dumping duties on steel gratings imports, and is likely to appeal against the measure.

The US Commerce Department said on Tuesday Replica Watches that it would impose duties of as high as 145.18 percent on imports of steel gratings from China, in a bid to offset “unfairly low” prices and help American counterparts become more competitive.

The Department is expected to take a final decision on the matter next April.

The US government has accused Chinese producers of dumping steel gratings at comparatively lower prices in the US market over the past few years. This has hurt the local industry, it said.The links london discount US imported 60,000 tons of steel gratings worth $91 million in 2008, up from 9,337 tons valued at $9 million in 2006, the Commerce department statistics showed.

Chinese government data, however, indicated that the country exported no more than 20,000 tons of steel gratings, worth around $20 million, to the US in 2008.

“The US measure is unreasonable. The figures they provided are incorrect,” said Wang Jianguo, a spokesperson of the Ningbo-based Jiulong Machinery Manufacturing, a leading steel gratings producer. “It’s nothing but trade protectionism. They are making up a story to convince the world, but they are wrong.”

The company is set to appeal against the US government decision in January, although its spokesperson gave no further details.Jiulong is the largest exporter of steel gratings, and a significant part of that goes to the US, Wang said.

In fact, Jiulong and Sinosteel links of london jewellery are the only two companies to have actively responded to the US government investigation. They were slapped with much lower anti-dumping duties – of 14.36 percent – by the US.

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The Sudanese National Assembly (parliament) on Wednesday endorsed a referendum law for the disputed enclave of Abyei between northern and southern Sudan, Replica Watches with representatives of Misseriya Arab tribe withdrawing from the parliament’s session.

According to the new law, a referendum is to be held in January 2011 in Abyei to decide whether the enclave would remain as part of northern Sudan or become part of southern Sudan.

Representatives of the Misseriya at the parliament objected to an article in the law stipulating that only members of the southern links  london necklaces Sudanese tribe of Dinka Nogok shall have the right to vote, while other Sudanese residing in Abyei shall vote according to residence standards to be specified by the referendum commission.

“We believe that this law is unjust and would spark a tribal conflict as it has mentioned only one tribe, Dinka Nogok, and neglected the Links London sale Misseriya tribe, which has the original right in the area,” Mahdi Babo Nimir, a prominent Misseriya leader told reporters following the approval of the law Wednesday.

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Undeniable facts showed China, by demonstrating sincerity, confidence and determination, has exerted maximum efforts to move forward the Copenhagen climate change negotiations with an eye on striking a widely accepted accord.

SINCERITY

Before arriving in Copenhagen on Dec. 16, Replica Watches Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao had held telephone talks on climate change issues with leaders of India, Brazil, South Africa, Ethiopia, Denmark, Germany, Britain and the UN secretary-general.

During the Copenhagen conference, Wen carried out shuttle diplomacy and requested host country Denmark’s Prime Minister Lars Lokke Rasmussen and UN chief Ban Ki-moon to uphold fairness. For several times Wen attended the gatherings of leaders of the BASIC countries, which include China, India, South Africa and Brazil.

He also met US President Barack Obama, German Chancellor Angela Merkel, Japanese Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama and British Prime Minister Gordon Brown on climate change, and expressed his understanding of the particular concerns of small island countries, and the under-developed and African countries on the climate issue.

China, at the conference, also made some concessions to show its sincerity and the spirit of cooperation. For example, China backed off and conceded the target of limiting global warming to a maximum 2 degrees Celsius over pre-industrial times be written into the Copenhagen Accord.

Moreover, China has not only helped developing countries gain as much fund as possible from developed countries to fight climate change, links of london Necklaces but provided aid within its capacity to developing countries.

CONFIDENCE

China’s confidence was highlighted in its adherence to its substantial principles on climate change.

First, China stuck to the dual-track mechanism of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol on the principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities.”

Second, China turned down some developed countries’ demands to link China’s voluntary mitigation actions with developed countries’ compulsory emissions reduction targets. Premier Wen said the Chinese commitments are “nonnegotiable and unconditional.”

Third, China refused to set a fixed year for peak emissions, as it would more or less hinder the development of developing countries, which are still faced with the priority tasks of economic development and poverty reduction. China believed it was unhelpful to prescribe such a year, as different countries had different characteristics and were at different development stages, and developing countries may face more uncertainties in their future development.

DETERMINATION

China has voluntarily carried out a variety of mitigation actions, although there are no compulsory emissions cut demands for developing countries according to international accords.

China was the first developing country to adopt and implement the National Climate Change Program.

The inefficient production capacity that China eliminated stood at 60.59 million tons of iron, 43.47 million tons of steel, 140 million tons of cement and 64.45 million tons of coke.

By the end of the first half of this year, China’s energy consumption per unit of the GDP had dropped 13 percent from the 2005 level, equivalent to reducing 800 links of london Pendants million tons of carbon dioxide.China has set the new target of cutting carbon dioxide emissions per unit of the GDP by 40 percent to 45 percent by 2020 from the 2005 level.

During his address to the Copenhagen meeting, Premier Wen said, “We will honor our word with real action. Whatever outcome this conference may produce, we will be fully committed to achieving and even exceeding the target.”

These actions and commitments fully display China’s determination to combat climate change.
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Chanel watch J12 watch series, a poster attached to the San Antonio Spurs Jersey Shanghai Pudong International Airport advertising column, it is not far away, is a group portrait advertising GUCCI large, with more than 5 compared with model composed of a large, Chanel watches Zhang Yang is neither advertising nor a low-key look.

Everyone knows that Chanel has long been beyond the Fendi Handbags influence of a luxury brand, especially when it is traveling at sea in China, each young Chinese girls knew COCOChanel, NO.5– attached to these perennial Chanel their own symbols, these girls may not know the other is, Chanel have been quietly watch a man concerned about a place a place. It represents in fact a number of 10 pairs of fields full of ambition watch the traditional fashion brand.

A matter of fact fashion brands to enter the Cheap Fake watch industry is still subject to the last century, 80 years and that field of quartz crisis, that crisis so skilled in electronic devices in Japan watch brand a big success, but also to watch does not seem so difficult to manufacture, low-cost integrated type quartz watch company was actually manufacturing base for a number of watch brands do not reduce the access threshold, when some people fashion is increasingly becoming the subject of life, these look more beautiful, better watch clothing accessories with the great value fashion brand, to attract people to buy more and more.

In need of special note is that even if a number of fashion brands today to a very high-spirited attitude in the watch on the market to lose ground, but it is still no way to make your eyes in the media, become the mainstream. Most fashion brands are just stuck in order to enrich its product line, so that more diverse selection of accessories, but really focused on mechanical watches produced by fashion brand, very few.

In the “Fashion Time” editor of Pan Arrow view, “a watch to determine the true value, depends on the value of its second-hand table.” With such standards, some even called in the fashion area of the first-line brand, produced in The watch is also not much of value to the collection. D & G, FENDI, DIESEL watch brands such as introduced, is the main design of the card, they exist only goal is to realize the value of its fashion.

This is exactly the traditional watch brands often watch these fashion brand launched nose because, when all well-known watch brands are showing off their own brand story, fashion watches are often felt short of breath for their young. A long history of the brand they talk about their heritage in the experience, fashion watches are often designed with the trends that can only come up with shallow extra points for their own label. The most fundamental is that, when the field of mechanical watches is still the most respected watch the type of watches, fashion watches are running scared, no independent research and development movement is that most of the table are the biggest fashion weakness, but now can be on the market a firm foothold in fashion watch brands, are, without exception, have one or two worthy of showing off, or proprietary core technology.

In fact, not everyone afford a Rolex or a Patek Philippe. The table has a number of fashion brands Movado Group’s global CEO EfraimGrinberg told reporters Group’s Coach, TommyHilfiger, Hugoboss fashion brand watches launched sales of the Group accounted for half of the sources of profits. Movado watches have these fashion brand power of attorney, the achievements in China this year compared to last year, is growing at double the rate of increase upward, which almost shows, fashion table unlimited potential. After all, China is the world’s most important watch market.

EfraimGrinberg hands wearing a Movado’s another important brands of Swiss red series, a Chinese-designed specifically for self-winding mechanical watches, he was described to me in detail his management group under the watch of different styles: Coach is very modern , multi-color, and watch and Hugoboss launched its own clothing style is very close to match fit. He launched the fashion brand watches optimistic and confident, “they brand themselves to attract so many loyal customers, and their design and brand-related, and their prices will become closer to that.”

Fashion brand’s own forces can make many consumers continued to favor, such as Amarni Watches Amarni to have a lot of fashion from the fans, GUCCI fashion has invested heavily in advertising, even if do not watch any publicity, do not have to worry about sales. The success of these seem to let some of their own, and the irresponsible development of watch brands have parts, short term, even if the sales of satisfaction, but the quality is really afraid to compliment people, mean to say, this looks like in the sell brand LOGO.

It would appear that most of the fashion brand watches launched even if the sell no matter how good, can not produce the challenges of traditional watch, after all, targeted consumer groups vary greatly, but also does not exist in competition. The small number of watches on the market today have done an excellent field of fashion brand who is also very taboo form itself equate with fashion, their enormous energy by means of the brand itself born out out of the area in the watch after the success of fashion want to get rid of The LO-GO. “Professional watchmaking” – is that they love now used to boast about its terms. Pan Arrow explained to reporters: “In fact, such a number of fashion watch brands and traditional watches have been blurred the boundaries between, and they have their own watch factory. They have not in the traditional sense of fashion watch brands.”

Cite examples of Chanel may be the most representative. Pudong Airport Chanel’s J12 series of posters, a day walk from the Pudong airport, people can be noted. Since 1987, Chanel introduced the first studio set up watch watch “Première” since they watch on the area’s reputation is growing. In Chanel’s official web site, the famous J12 series of a total of 29 tables, each with a table next to the folder with the explanation of all such small print, “Black / white high-tech precision ceramic”, this technology because almost no wear and tear increased texture of this watch, but also look to Chanel and other fashion brands to the strict distinction, from Chanel are taking technical line fashion brand.

Chanel can make another capital Swordsman began in 2008 with the famous old Swiss Watches Audemars Piguet factory cooperation in ChanelJ12 series inside Calibre3125, regarded as a classic by many collectors, this watch are equipped with the machine core “Chanel-AP3125″ Indeed, it is responsible for manufacturing by Audemars Piguet, Chanel fine jewelry and watches, president PhilippeMougenot explained to the media: “This cooperation is not limited to a product, but a plan is Chanel’s a new attempt. We hope to continue in the direction of the High Watch, another way to watch the most traditional production model, the system out of the classic and elegant watch. ”

Bvlgari could be considered is that this cross-border development, the other leaders, it is the history of watch manufacturing is much longer than Chanel, since the 20 years since the last century, Bvlgari watches began in the jewelry has been created in , but it is not until the last century, 80 years before beginning to look seriously into watchmaking as a professional tasks. In order to achieve this goal, Bvlgari carried out a series of acquisitions, including the two major Swiss brands GéraldGentaS.A. And DanielRothS.A., Then in 2008, Bvlgari has also acquired a Swiss company, “Finger”, Prior to the production of these brands are known for high-level complex and watch, “the acquisition of several technology brands such as after the Bvlgari carried out a series of vertical chain integration, from the watch cases, bracelets to the movement by their own full production . like this without a few companies in Switzerland, considered a Rolex. In Switzerland, such enterprises were known as the ‘workshops’. In my view, in fact, and fashion have no connection with the table. “Bao Pan Arrow commented Bulgari watches sector in the development track.

In addition to Chanel and Bulgari, and the other luxury brand Hermes, Switzerland, in cooperation with the traditional brand Parmigiani, Dior is also the Swiss have their own manufacturing plants, Cartier integration of resources obtained through the Swiss watch industry, the industry’s highest standards of Geneva Seal, followed by the Chinese market ambitious fashion brand Swarovski, next year it will begin to expand the attack of the watch area. It appears that the Association and the traditional watch hands to the traditional watch fashion watch brand for the foundry is still rising at this stage the mainstream fashion brands are the road.
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The new phrase “naked wedding”, which was born under global financial crisis, refers to a no frills wedding and has become popular because of the increasing house prices in 2009. However, the attitudes of the two genders are quite different. Replica Watches According to initial online statistics 80 percent of men approve of the “naked wedding”, while 70 percent of females do not.

A “New fashion” of white collars because of high house prices

Not buying house, no car, no wedding ceremony, no ring, etc only a red certificate of marriage, that’s what a “naked wedding” really means for young couples.

Recently, sohu.com initiated a poll “will you choose a ‘naked wedding’ in the new era of marriage”. It turns out 43 percent of voters answered links of london sweetie “Yes”, while 47 percent chose negative response.

Supporters say: a “naked wedding” should be the normal expectation for youth, while a wedding with everything is a kind of sick misunderstanding of society and the reasons for marriage; tracing back a few decades our parents were getting married in a “naked way”, they have better and happier lives now, so young people should also do so.

While opponents have their own arguments: “naked wedding” is a way of cheating yourself; living without a certain material basis also means no interest in romance; marriage on the basis of the marriage certificate, which is a thin piece of paper, can not pass through any tough experience.

In another survey of “will a ‘naked wedding’ be a happy one?” 44 percent of voters supported and opposed while 2 percent were unsure.

Some said love without involving material possessions can last long; while some argued with the question, how can you live long without materials?

Also some said the key point of happiness links of london earrings for young couples is not “naked wedding” itself, but whether the two of them can persistently strive for what they want together, regardless of whether the process is favorable or tough.
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Standing before you is a housewife, a six-year-old child, a prostitute and a homosexual lawyer. All of them are HIV positive. Ask yourself, if there were some way you could magically cure one of them, which would you save? Replica Watches It will not be a surprise to learn most people usually choose the child or the housewife, who are universally regarded as “innocents”.

The test was one of the many used this month during a two-day media training course to promote fair and accurate reporting of the AIDS issue, and to reduce discrimination. It was jointly organized by UNAIDS, the joint United Nations (UN) program on HIV and AIDS, Fudan University in Shanghai and China AIDS Info.

“China’s media is expanding at a furious pace and it is important the AIDS issue is covered responsibly,” said Xiong Lei, senior editor at Xinhua News Agency and one of the program tutors. “This course was a major step forward and sets a benchmark for media reporting on the issue.” Links of london Discount The nation has 276,000 reported cases of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) and AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome), with 45,000 new cases last year, according to government data. However, experts believe there could be as many as 700,000 people living with HIV in China, including 85,000 AIDS victims.

The virus is most prevalent among drug users who inject narcotics, homosexual men, blood plasma donors and sex workers, while migrant workers also make up a large proportion of the infected.UNAIDS estimates among these groups there could be a further 30 to 50 million people at risk of exposure.But although scientific advances are allowing sufferers to survive for longer, there has been little, if any breakthrough in solving the stigma.

“During the past decade, the life quality and longevity of people with HIV and AIDS has improved significantly thanks to the growing use of anti-retroviral drugs, or ‘cocktail therapy’,” said Lu Hongzhou, director of the Shanghai Public Health Links of london UK Clinical Center, which specializes in care for HIV and AIDS patients. “But the drugs do not treat discrimination, which continues to be the major obstacle to prevention and care in China.

“HIV and AIDS patients, as well as their families, are often denied their rights to proper healthcare, education and employment, and face the additional psychological pain of being isolated or bullied.

“Even some doctors who are educated in the virus refuse to treat people who are HIV positive. One reason is their own fear, another is that they worry other patients will not come to their clinics for fear of infection,” Lu said.Lu added that HIV and AIDS sufferers are usually transferred to specialist health units and said more than 80 percent of patients at his clinic had been sent by other hospitals.
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Wedding limos are a common sight as 2009 draws to a close, as is the sight of happy couples welcoming wedding guests to their nuptial celebrations at grand restaurants. This matrimonial flurry has folk roots. 2010 is what’s commonly known as a Replica Watches “widow year” – one which begins after the solar term lichun, or beginning of spring. That’s why so many couples are scurrying to wed before the end of 2009.

Whirlwind Weddings

Liu and his wife married on October 28, just two months after they became acquainted. Parents of both bride and groom scotched Liu’s original plan to marry next year because 2010 is a “widow” year.

Zhang and his girlfriend also married only four months after getting to know each other, mainly due to Zhang’s parents. The pair brought their nuptials forward to November 8 after the rural branch of Zhang’s family warned them against marrying in a so-called widow year. Links london Store Zhang agreed just to keep the peace. Left to his own devices he would have stuck to his original date in 2010, spring or no spring.
Pre-Widow Year Wedding Bonanza

Widow year may be inauspicious for some, but it has generated a roaring trade for the wedding service and catering industry. Liu, manager of a wedding service company, has been taking reservations for December weddings since early September. His company recently crammed five weddings into one day, and is booked solid through to the end of the year. Business has been so brisk that he has been forced to head-hunt experienced wedding arrangers from rival firms.

“I’m having serious problems booking our wedding banquet,” prospective bride groom Wang, who hopes to set the date for November 22 this year, complained after a dozen fruitless calls. All restaurants, grand and middling, are booked to capacity till the end of this year.

Irrational Response

“Lichun — the beginning of spring — falls on February 4 in 2010 — ten days ahead of spring festival on February 14. There is a common superstitious belief that years which miss the beginning of spring are unlucky and portend ill health or even death to new husbands, so people call them widow years. Many people plan their weddings according to this old wives’ tale,” bureau chief of Caozhou Culture Bureau and celebrated cultural researcher Bai Huanzong, explained.

Having married himself in the “widow year” of 2005 and lived happily ever since, Zhao is dismissive of the whole idea as pure superstition. links of london Bracelets Bracelets He urges prospective newly-weds to reject this ill-conceived belief because it has no scientific or rational basis. In his view, a happy marriage is founded on trust, love and respect, not talismans or lucky dates.
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“If you view housewives in a professional perspective, you could see that they carry multiple responsibilities at home, including babysitter, teacher, psychological consultant, financial consultant and Replica Watches nutrition consultant. With multiple responsibilities, the work value of a housewife equals to 9,600 yuan （US$1,411.8） a month, which means 120,000 yuan （US$17,647.1） a year.”

Such ideas come from an academic paper that won third place in the “Challenge Cup” of the extracurricular academic paper contest in Hubei Province.

Senior student Gong Jing from the Hubei University of Economics wrote the paper, “Research on the Social Value of the Work of A Fulltime Housewife.” The paper says that people tend to call women who do not have a job outside the home housewives, and that from a professional perspective, being a full-time housewife can also been seen as a career.

By estimating the average cost of 10 of the social functions that a housewife usually performs, Gong found that their work value reaches 9,600 yuan （US$1,411.8） a month.

According to a U.S. salary research website, a survey on the work of 400 full-time housewives indicates that they would earn US$134,100 （911,880 yuan） a year if they were paid for all of their duties.

There is a prevailing prejudice against full-time housewives in society, Gong said. People think that it is a woman’s natural responsibility to do housework and to take care of the children. Gong’s paper affirms the contributions of housewives, but it also points out that to be a housewife is still a high-risk job.

Gong explained that this is because a woman’s husband would be considered her boss if the wife takes her full-time role as a housewife as a career. Bosses tend to have high standards for their employees’ work results, and so will husbands. Links of London sale Employees can quit their jobs and find another, but a housewife may not have much freedom to do so. A divorce can put a housewife into a similar situation as a laid-off worker.

Mother Inspires Her Paper

Gong Jing, born in Jianli County, Jingzhou city, Hubei in 1989, is now studying public affairs at the Hubei University of Economics. Gong’s mother gave up her career to look after her family for three years when Gong was in senior high school. People around the family were not very supportive of her mother’s choice, and these controversies inspired Gong to perform research on housewives during her first summer vacation in university.

Gong’s father works at the Industrial & Commercial Administration Bureau of Jianli County. Her mother used to do some occasional small business when Gong was in junior high school, but after she was admitted to senior high school, her mother became a full-time housewife. She kept the house clean and tidy and took good care of her family, but her neighbors still thought her mother was “useless.”

In order to prove the social value of housewives, Gong participated in a team survey during summer 2007. The survey chose its targets randomly on Luonan Street and Liangdao Street in downtown Wuhan. The survey covered 300 people from eight communities. Gong talked to dozens of housewives and local residents during the survey.

Gong found that many housewives have good academic credentials and did well in their job before they quit but choose to stay home to look after their family after having a child. Many local residents do not approve of the choice to become a housewife. Some better-off young women even choose not to become housewives because of the negative social stigma.

Working women are a sign of the increase in gender equality since the 1950s, and it is said in China that “women hold up half the sky.” But women are different than men. “They have to return home to give birth to their children, and some women still have a traditional impulse to be a housewife,” said Gong.

Full-time housewives have become a new social group, combining their careers with their marriages. They shoulder the burden of both social work and housework. Cheap Links of london Though they should be treated with respect in society, they usually end up being judged for their decisions. Gong added: “Chinese women are still wandering between family and society: They want to return to their families when they work outside the home, and they want to return to society when they stay at home.”
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When a dipstick test suggests there’s blood in the urine, the next step should be to examine a sample of the urine under a microscope to make sure the dipstick result is accurate, Replica Watches according to medical guidelines – but often the patient is sent directly to see a specialist, or for further testing.

Dipstick tests, in which a narrow strip of plastic is dipped into a urine sample, are very common. Parts of the strip are covered with small squares that turn various colors based on features of the urine, including levels of acidity, proteins, sugar (glucose), and the presence of blood, to name just a few.

The American Urological Association advises that when a dipstick test finds blood in the urine, but the patient is feeling well and has no other symptoms, the result needs to confirmed microscopically before the patient undergoes any further exams, because the dipstick test is not a hundred percent reliable.

But in a study that will appear in the Journal of Urology, Dr. J. Stephen Jones, from the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, and colleagues found that this guideline is often not followed, and as a result, many patients without blood in their urine end up having costly, unnecessary evaluations and testing.

The researchers studied 91 patients who were sent to see urologists because their dipstick test results suggested blood in their urine. links of london friendship bracelets In 69 cases, patients’ urine samples were not examined under a microscope before their urology referral. At the urologist’s office, blood in the urine (a condition known as hematuria) was confirmed in only 17 (25%) of these 69 patients.

Not only that, but 15 patients who didn’t really have blood in their urine had imaging studies done before they saw the urologist.”This establishes how frequent it is that patients are at risk of undergoing evaluation for findings that are actually not abnormal,” Jones told Reuters Health.

“Unfortunately, we were not surprised” by the findings, he added. “This is common and so we wanted to emphasize the importance of not making decisions based on the urine dipstick alone.”The researchers estimated that the links of london Silver Chain Medicare reimbursement value for the urologic evaluation of the 69 patients who didn’t have microscopic confirmation before referral was $44,901. Just one patient (who really did have blood in the urine) had a malignancy.

The take-home message, Jones said, is that invasive tests and x-rays or other imaging studies should not be done until the dipstick test results have been confirmed under a microscope.
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The legacy of A Dream of the Red Mansions, also known as Dream of the Red Chamber) takes another important turn some 250 years after the great classic was written.Replica Watches The first English-language book about the novel’s mysterious author Cao Xueqin has been published by US company Peter Lang.

Between Noble and Humble: Cao Xueqin and the Dream of the Red Chamber took American scholars Ronald Gray and Mark Ferrara nearly five years to translate from renowned Chinese scholar Zhou Ruchang’s New Biography of Cao Xueqin .

The translators and Zhou discovered a precious English translation based on a previously unknown Chinese version of the novel, which sheds new light on the study of the classic, which is known as hongxue, or “redology”.

Gray first met Zhou in 2002 when the Chinese scholar gave two English-language lectures to foreigners in Beijing. Gray had just read the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) novel translated by Yang Xianyi and his British wife Gladys Taylor.

He was “overwhelmed” by the story, which he calls “engaging, surprisingly accessible and ultimately enchanting”. Gray strongly agrees with Zhou that reading the novel is “the most enjoyable and interesting way for Westerners to learn about traditional Chinese culture”.

At Zhou’s suggestion, Gray and Ferrara began translating the biography of Cao Xueqin (c. 1715-64) in 2004. Gray read different translations of Cao’s novel more than 10 times and consulted many experts.

They made a breakthrough discovery along the way. A few years ago, Hong Kong University posted online a manuscript by Dr B.B. Bonsall, a British missionary in China from 1911-1926.

Gray found that Bonsall was the first Westerner links of london friendship pink to translate all of the novel’s 120 chapters into English in the 1950s. Zhou confirms the discovery’s value, as the unpublished manuscript was based on a Chinese version different from any known editions.

This year, Yang Xianyi and British Sinologist David Hawkes, both best known for their complete translations of the novel, passed away.

“The multitude of translations of the classic proves its importance and greatness,” Zhou, 91, says in an e-mail.

“One might have to wait many years before better translations could come out.” But the publication of Cao Xueqin’s biography in English helps compensate.

“In the 245 years since Cao Xueqin passed away, this is the first English-language biography that introduces this author to the global literary circle,” Zhou says.

As more scholars and readers acknowledge the novel’s strong “autobiographical character”, they realize that reading the classic alone cannot provide a comprehensive understanding of its background, formed by the author’s family, society and history.

“This translation has extensive and important meaning for cultural communication between China and the West,” Zhou says.

Gray, who taught in Chinese universities for more than eight years and published several papers on the novel, says the biography “should fill a big gap” in Western redology.

While most Western scholars have analyzed the novel as a work of fiction and shied away from its autobiographical elements or its author, “Zhou does an excellent job of historically situating Cao and his family”, Gray says.

“I view Zhou Ruchang as my teacher (in both the Confucian and academic sense),” says Gray, who has visited Zhou’s home 12 times. “I have learned so much from him about the novel and Chinese culture, and greatly admire his long and heartfelt devotion to the novel.”

Ferrara, who taught writing and literature at Fudan University in Shanghai, met Zhou in 2005. “I marveled at the range of his intellectual curiosity, links of london friendship cheap his sense of humor and his continued enthusiasm about Honglou Meng. He was very warm and welcoming, and he does care for small talk,” he says in an e-mail.

“He (Gray) is a philosopher. Our discussions usually focused on Cao Xueqin and Zhuangzi (an ancient Taoist philosopher),” Zhou says.

“I am both surprised and moved by the great efforts the translators have made. The English translation is of superb quality.”
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